CI: Remove deprecated macos12 runner and add macos13 and macos15 #4795

Job	Run time
ci (ubuntu-20.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Release)	23m 29s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Debug)	22m 13s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Release)	29m 26s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Debug)	25m 37s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, g++, true, false, true, 22, Release)	21m 25s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, g++, true, false, true, 22, Debug)	19m 15s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, 22, Release)	32m 10s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, 22, Debug)	27m 12s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Release)	23m 7s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Debug)	21m 5s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Release)	34m 52s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Debug)	30m 3s
ci (macos-13, gcc, g++, true, false, false, false, 22, Release)	11m 7s
ci (macos-13, gcc, g++, true, false, false, false, 22, Debug)	9m 49s
ci (macos-14, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Release)	4m 14s
ci (macos-14, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Debug)	5m 49s
ci (macos-15, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Release)	5m 50s
ci (macos-15, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Debug)	7m 38s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, false, false, false, 22, Release)	7m 49s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, false, false, false, 22, Debug)	7m 38s
	6h 9m 48s

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