PRoot Distro

A Bash script wrapper for utility proot for easy management of chroot-based Linux distribution installations. It does not require root or any special ROM, kernel, etc. Everything you need to get started is the latest version of Termux application. See Installing for details.

PRoot Distro is not a virtual machine. This is a container environment manager based on proot utility which able to emulate chroot and mount --bind.

Donate

Although you get PRoot-Distro for free, remember that developers of such free projects have to spend their free time after work or on weekends to keep them up. If you found PRoot-Distro to be useful, interested in new features and want to support the developer, consider donating.

As of now donations can be made in cryptocurrency:

• Ethereum: 0x76c7f1FC3C7396396fBD7e8cBDc2fc741FFa4aFa
• Litecoin: ltc1q2yne7e2p5ypf2ky0j3tg3vd6yktd5u57rmlly9
• Tron: TUP941DmHfrBNxvbcYkThx9hHrskU7FyTa

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Supported distributions

PRoot Distro provides support only one version of distribution types, i.e. one of stable, LTS or rolling-release. Support of versioned distributions ended with branch 2.x.

PRoot Distro tends to provide only one version of given distributions to reduce maintenance requirements. Thus we will choose a one of LTS, stable or rolling release, while LTS is the most preferred and rolling is the least. At our discretion we may choose to provide 1 or 2 of old LTS or stable releases for the top distributions.

Here are the supported distributions (alias: name):

• alpine: Alpine Linux (edge)
• archlinux: Arch Linux ARM
• artix: Artix Linux (AArch64 only)
• chimera: Chimera Linux (20240707)
• debian: Debian (stable)
• debian-oldstable: Debian (old stable)
• deepin: Deepin (beige)
• fedora: Fedora 40 (64bit only)
• manjaro: Manjaro (AArch64 only)
• openkylin: OpenKylin (Yangtze)
• opensuse: OpenSUSE (Tumbleweed)
• pardus: Pardus (yirmibir)
• ubuntu: Ubuntu (24.04)
• ubuntu-oldlts: Ubuntu (22.04)
• void: Void Linux

All systems come in a bare-minimum variant, typically consisting of package manager, shell, coreutils, util-linux and few more. Extended functionality like shell completion or package install suggestions should be configured manually.

If you need a custom version, you will need to add it on your own. See Adding distribution.

All rootfs archives provided by this project are built using GitHub Actions:

• Configuration: https://github.com/termux/proot-distro/blob/master/.github/workflows/build.yml
• Rootfs packaging scripts: https://github.com/termux/proot-distro/tree/master/distro-build

Feel free to fork repository, make changes and build own distributions.

Security

The distributions available in the catalog derived from the official sources. Tarballs include the latest system upgrades and security patches during their build time.

It is highly recommended to check for updates using the package manager after installing a distribution as tarballs are updated on opportunistic basis (once in few months).

PRoot (core of proot-distro) does not provide high grade isolation like Docker. Consider this if you suspect that your installation can be an attack target or your Android OS is too old.

Installing

With package manager:

pkg install proot-distro

With git:

pkg install git
git clone https://github.com/termux/proot-distro
cd proot-distro
./install.sh

Dependencies: bash, bzip2, coreutils, curl, findutils, gzip, ncurses-utils, proot, sed, tar, xz-utils

If you want command line auto complete, install the bash-completion package.

Functionality overview

PRoot Distro aims to provide all-in-one functionality for managing the installed distributions: installation, de-installation, backup, restore, login. Each action is defined through command. Each command accepts its unique set of options, specific to the task that it performs.

Usage basics:

proot-distro <command> <arguments>

Alternative variant (v4.0.0+):

pd <command> <arguments>

Where <command> is a proot-distro action command (see below to learn what is available) and <arguments> is a list of options specific to given command.

Example of installing the distribution:

proot-distro install debian

Some commands support aliases. For example, instead of

proot-distro list
proot-distro install debian
proot-distro login debian
proot-distro remove debian

you can type this:

proot-distro ls
proot-distro i debian
proot-distro sh debian
proot-distro rm debian

Information about supported aliases can be viewed in help for each command.

Known distributions are defined through plug-in scripts, which define URLs from where root file system archive will be downloaded and set of checksums for integrity check. Plug-ins also can define a set of commands which would be executed during distribution installation.

See Adding distribution to learn more how to add own distribution to PRoot Distro.

Accessing built-in help

Command: help

This command will show the help information about proot-distro usage.

• proot-distro help - main page.
• proot-distro <command> --help - view help for specific command.

Backing up distribution

Command: backup

Aliases: bak, bkp

Backup specified distribution and its plug-in into tar archive. The contents of backup can be either printed to stdout for further processing or written to a file.

Compression is determined according to file extension, e.g..tar.gz will lead to GZip compression and .tar.xz will lead to XZ. Piped backup data is always not compressed giving user freedom for further processing.

Usage example:

proot-distro backup debian | xz | ssh example.com 'cat > /backups/pd-debian-backup.tar.xz'
proot-distro backup --output backup.tar.gz debian

This command is generic. All additional processing like encryption should be done by user through external commands.

Installing a distribution

Command: install

Aliases: add, i, in, ins

Install a distribution specified by alias - a short name referring to the plug-in of chosen distribution.

Usage example:

proot-distro install alpine

By default the installed distribution will have same alias as specified on command line. This means you will be unable to install multiple copies at same time. You can rename distribution during installation time by using option --override-alias which will create a copy of distribution plug-in.

Usage example:

proot-distro install --override-alias alpine-test alpine
proot-distro login alpine-test

Copied plug-in has following name format <name>.override.sh and is stored in directory with others ($PREFIX/etc/proot-distro).

It is possible to force specify a custom CPU architecture of distribution to install. To do this you need to set DISTRO_ARCH environment variable to one of these values: aarch64, arm, i686, riscv64, x86_64. Example:

DISTRO_ARCH=arm proot-distro install alpine

Typically if your host is 64bit, the 32bit version of distribution for same architecture should work seamlessly, but that's not guaranteed. Thus if you encounter an issue while using ARM version of the system on AArch64 host, this would be rather a bug of proot utility or incompatibility with CPU instructions supported by host.

Usage of foreign architectures, like x86_64 target on AArch64 host, always would require QEMU user mode packages.

Install all supported QEMU user mode packages with one command:

pkg install qemu-user-aarch64 qemu-user-arm qemu-user-i386 qemu-user-x86-64

x86_64 target also supports a Blink user mode CPU emulator (experimental). See below for usage details.

Listing distributions

Command: list

Aliases: li, ls

Shows a list of available distributions, their aliases, installation status and comments.

Start shell session

Command: login

Aliases: sh

Execute a shell within the given distribution. Example:

proot-distro login debian

Execute a shell as specified user in the given distribution:

proot-distro login --user admin debian

You can run a custom command as well:

proot-distro login debian -- /usr/local/bin/mycommand --sample-option1

Argument -- acts as terminator of proot-distro login options processing. All arguments behind it would not be treated as options of PRoot Distro.

Login command supports these behavior modifying options:

• --user <username>

  Use a custom login user instead of default root. You need to create the user via useradd -U -m username before using this option.

• --fix-low-ports

  Force redirect low networking ports to a high number (2000 + port). Use this with software requiring low ports which are not possible without real root permissions.

  For example this option will redirect port 80 to something like 2080.

• --isolated

  Do not mount host volumes inside chroot environment. If this option was given, following mount points will not be accessible inside chroot:

  • /apex (only Android 10+)
  • /data/dalvik-cache
  • /data/data/com.termux
  • /sdcard
  • /storage
  • /system
  • /vendor

  You will not be able to use Termux utilities inside chroot environment.

• --termux-home

  Mount Termux home directory as user home inside chroot environment.

  This option takes priority over option --isolated.

• --shared-tmp

  Share Termux temporary directory with chroot environment. Takes priority over option --isolated.

• --bind path:path

  Create a custom file system path binding. Option expects argument in the given format:

  <host path>:<chroot path>
  

  Takes priority over option --isolated.

• --no-link2symlink

  Disable PRoot link2symlink extension. This will disable hard link emulation. You can use this option only if SELinux is disabled or is in permissive mode.

• --no-sysvipc

  Disable PRoot System V IPC emulation. Try this option if you experience crashes.

• --no-kill-on-exit

  Do not kill processes when shell session terminates. Typically will cause session to hang if you have any background processes running.

• --kernel

  Set the kernel release and compatibility level to given value.

• --work-dir

  Set the working directory to given value. By default the working directory is same as user home.

Uninstall distribution

Command: remove

Aliases: rm

This command completely deletes the installation of given system. Be careful as it does not ask for confirmation. Deleted data is irrecoverably lost.

Usage example:

proot-distro remove debian

Rename distribution

Command: rename

Aliases: mv

Rename the distribution by changing the alias name, renaming its plug-in and root file system directory. In case when default distribution is being renamed, a copy of plug-in will be created.

Usage example:

proot-distro rename ubuntu ubuntu-test01

Only installed distribution can be renamed.

Reinstall distribution

Command: reset

Aliases: -

Delete the specified distribution and install it again. This is a shortcut for

proot-distro remove <dist> && proot-distro install <dist>

Usage example:

proot-distro reset debian

Same as with command remove, deleted data is lost irrecoverably. Be careful.

Restore from backup

Command: restore

Aliases: -

Restore the distribution from the given proot-distro backup (tar archive).

Restore operation performs a complete rollback to the backup state as was in archive. Be careful as this command deletes previous data irrecoverably.

Compression is determined automatically from file extension. Piped data must be always uncompressed before being supplied to proot-distro.

Usage example:

ssh example.com 'cat /backups/pd-debian-backup.tar.xz' | xz -d | proot-distro restore
proot-distro restore ./pd-debian-backup.tar.xz

Clear downloads cache

Command: clear-cache

Aliases: clear, cl

This will remove all cached root file system archives.

Adding distribution

Distribution is defined through the plug-in script that contains variables with metadata. A minimal one would look like this:

DISTRO_NAME="Debian"
TARBALL_URL['aarch64']="https://github.com/termux/proot-distro/releases/download/v1.10.1/debian-aarch64-pd-v1.10.1.tar.xz"
TARBALL_SHA256['aarch64']="f34802fbb300b4d088a638c638683fd2bfc1c03f4b40fa4cb7d2113231401a21"

Script is stored in directory $PREFIX/etc/proot-distro and should be named like <alias>.sh, where <alias> is a desired name for referencing the distribution. For example, Debian plug-in will typically be named debian.sh.

Plug-in variables reference

DISTRO_ARCH: specifies which CPU architecture variant of distribution to install.

Normally this variable is determined automatically, and you should not set it. Typical use case is to set a custom architecture to run the distribution under QEMU emulator (user mode).

Supported architectures are: aarch64, arm, i686, riscv64, x86_64.

DISTRO_NAME: a name of distribution, something like "Alpine Linux (3.14.1)".

DISTRO_COMMENT: comments for current distribution.

Normally this variable is not needed. Use it to notify user that something is not working or additional steps required to get started with this distribution.

TARBALL_STRIP_OPT: how many leading path components should be stripped when extracting rootfs archive. The default value is 1 because all default rootfs tarballs store contents in a subdirectory.

TARBALL_URL: a Bash associative array of root file system tarballs URLs.

Should be defined at least for your CPU architecture. Valid architecture names are same as for DISTRO_ARCH. Should start with proper protocol scheme. For example, https://, file://, ftp:// etc. to access local or remote file.

TARBALL_SHA256: a Bash associative array of SHA-256 checksums for each rootfs variant.

Must be defined for each tarball set in TARBALL_URL.

Running additional installation steps

Plug-in can be configured to execute specified commands after installing the distribution. This is done through function distro_setup.

Example:

distro_setup() {
	run_proot_cmd apt update
	run_proot_cmd apt upgrade -yq
}

run_proot_cmd is used when command should be executed inside the rootfs.

Experimental Blink emulator support

If user specified DISTRO_ARCH different from the current device architecture, a CPU emulation mode will be used.

The default CPU emulation backend is QEMU user mode. However for x86_64 target architecture user can enable use of Blink emulator. To use Blink as emulation backend user need to set an environment variable:

export PROOT_DISTRO_X64_EMULATOR=BLINK

PROOT_DISTRO_X64_EMULATOR accepts values only QEMU or BLINK.

Install Blink emulator package with this command:

pkg install blink

Emulation mode doesn't guarantee stability. User can observe a weird behavior of programs and crashes. Some distributions may work while others may not. The performance also would be reduced due to emulator overhead.

PRoot issues and differences from Chroot

While PRoot is often referred as user space chroot implementation, it is much different from it both by implementation and features of work. Here is a list of most significant differences you should be aware of.

1. PRoot is slow and potentially unstable due to non-native execution

   Every process is hooked through ptrace(). This is done to be able translate file paths (emulate chroot), fake root user identity and workaround unsupported system calls.

   Such intrusion into execution flow usually works properly. However under certain cases user may observe "impossible" bugs such as crashes or strange program behavior, that are not reproducible on native Linux distribution setups (PC, Raspberry Pi).

   Using debugger tools such as gdb or strace could be problematic.

2. PRoot cannot detach from the running process.

   Since PRoot controls the running processes via ptrace() it cannot detach from them. This means you can't start a daemon process (e.g. sshd) and close PRoot session. You will have to either kill process, wait until it finish or let proot kill it immediately on session close.

3. PRoot does not elevate privileges.

   Chroot also does not elevate privileges on its own. Just PRoot is configured to hijack user id as well, i.e. make it appear as root. So in reality your user name, id and privileges remain to be same as without PRoot but programs that do sanity check for current user will assume you are running as root user.

   Particularly, the fake root user makes it possible to use package manager in chroot environment.

4. PRoot does not emulate privilege separation.

   Your root and non-root effectively are same. Files would appear as owned by your current user, which means both root and non-root user will be able to edit files of your proot distribution setup.

   Depending on your PRoot Distro use cases, this might be a security issue.

5. PRoot does not enable access to hardware and file system mounting.

   You won't be able read/write to devices such as partitions of internal and external drives, USB devices, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth dongles.

   Mounting file systems using FUSE also not possible: Android OS doesn't set world-writeable permissions on /dev/fuse, unlike standard Linux distributions.

6. Appimage, Flatpak and Snap do not work under PRoot.

   Self-sufficient application containers such as Appimage, Flatpak or Snap rely on file system mounting capabilities, FUSE and other features that not available without real root permissions.

Forking

If you wish to use PRoot Distro or its part as a base for your own project, please make sure you comply with GNU GPL v3.0 license.

Forks must be distributed under different name.