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Slonik Duke

PostgreSQL JDBC Driver

PostgreSQL JDBC Driver (PgJDBC for short) allows Java programs to connect to a PostgreSQL database using standard, database independent Java code. Is an open source JDBC driver written in Pure Java (Type 4), and communicates in the PostgreSQL native network protocol.

Status

GitHub CI Build status codecov.io License Join the chat at https://gitter.im/pgjdbc/pgjdbc

Maven Central Javadocs

Supported PostgreSQL and Java versions

The current version of the driver should be compatible with PostgreSQL 8.4 and higher using the version 3.0 of the protocol and Java 8 (JDBC 4.2) or above. Unless you have unusual requirements (running old applications or JVMs), this is the driver you should be using.

PgJDBC regression tests are run against all PostgreSQL versions since 9.1, including "build PostgreSQL from git master" version. There are other derived forks of PostgreSQL but they have not been certified to run with PgJDBC. If you find a bug or regression on supported versions, please file an Issue.

Get the Driver

Most people do not need to compile PgJDBC. You can download the precompiled driver (jar) from the PostgreSQL JDBC site or using your chosen dependency management tool:

Maven Central

You can search on The Central Repository with GroupId and ArtifactId org.postgresql:postgresql.

Maven Central

<!-- Add the following dependency to your pom.xml, -->
<!-- replacing LATEST with specific version as required -->

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
  <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
  <version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>

Development snapshots

Snapshot builds (builds from master branch) are also deployed to OSS Sonatype Snapshot Repository, so you can test current development version (test some bugfix) by enabling the repository and using the latest SNAPSHOT version.

There are also available (snapshot) binary RPMs in Fedora's Copr repository.


Documentation

For more information you can read the PgJDBC driver documentation or for general JDBC documentation please refer to The Java™ Tutorials.

Driver and DataSource class

Implements Class
java.sql.Driver org.postgresql.Driver
javax.sql.DataSource org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource
javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource org.postgresql.ds.PGConnectionPoolDataSource
javax.sql.XADataSource org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource

Building the Connection URL

The driver recognises JDBC URLs of the form:

jdbc:postgresql:database
jdbc:postgresql:
jdbc:postgresql://host/database
jdbc:postgresql://host/
jdbc:postgresql://host:port/database
jdbc:postgresql://host:port/
jdbc:postgresql://?service=myservice

The general format for a JDBC URL for connecting to a PostgreSQL server is as follows, with items in square brackets ([ ]) being optional:

jdbc:postgresql:[//host[:port]/][database][?property1=value1[&property2=value2]...]

where:

  • jdbc:postgresql: (Required) is known as the sub-protocol and is constant.
  • host (Optional) is the server address to connect. This could be a DNS or IP address, or it could be localhost or 127.0.0.1 for the local computer. To specify an IPv6 address your must enclose the host parameter with square brackets (jdbc:postgresql://[::1]:5740/accounting). Defaults to localhost.
  • port (Optional) is the port number listening on the host. Defaults to 5432.
  • database (Optional) is the database name. Defaults to the same name as the user name used in the connection.
  • propertyX (Optional) is one or more option connection properties. For more information see Connection properties.

Logging

PgJDBC uses java.util.logging for logging. To configure log levels and control log output destination (e.g. file or console), configure your java.util.logging properties accordingly for the org.postgresql logger. Note that the most detailed log levels, "FINEST", may include sensitive information such as connection details, query SQL, or command parameters.

Connection Properties

In addition to the standard connection parameters the driver supports a number of additional properties which can be used to specify additional driver behaviour specific to PostgreSQL™. These properties may be specified in either the connection URL or an additional Properties object parameter to DriverManager.getConnection.

Property Type Default Description
user String null The database user on whose behalf the connection is being made.
password String null The database user's password.
options String null Specify 'options' connection initialization parameter.
service String null Specify 'service' name described in pg_service.conf file. References: The Connection Service File and The Password File. 'service' file can provide all properties including 'hostname=', 'port=' and 'dbname='.
ssl Boolean false Control use of SSL (true value causes SSL to be required)
sslfactory String org.postgresql.ssl.LibPQFactory Provide a SSLSocketFactory class when using SSL.
sslfactoryarg (deprecated) String null Argument forwarded to constructor of SSLSocketFactory class.
sslmode String prefer Controls the preference for opening using an SSL encrypted connection.
sslcert String null The location of the client's SSL certificate
sslkey String null The location of the client's PKCS#8 or PKCS#12 SSL key, for PKCS the extension must be .p12 or .pfx and the alias must be user
sslrootcert String null The location of the root certificate for authenticating the server.
sslhostnameverifier String null The name of a class (for use in Class.forName(String)) that implements javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier and can verify the server hostname.
sslpasswordcallback String null The name of a class (for use in Class.forName(String)) that implements javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler and can handle PasswordCallback for the ssl password.
sslpassword String null The password for the client's ssl key (ignored if sslpasswordcallback is set)
sendBufferSize Integer -1 Socket write buffer size
receiveBufferSize Integer -1 Socket read buffer size
logServerErrorDetail Boolean true Allows server error detail (such as sql statements and values) to be logged and passed on in exceptions. Setting to false will mask these errors so they won't be exposed to users, or logs.
allowEncodingChanges Boolean false Allow for changes in client_encoding
logUnclosedConnections Boolean false When connections that are not explicitly closed are garbage collected, log the stacktrace from the opening of the connection to trace the leak source
binaryTransfer Boolean true Use binary format for sending and receiving data if possible. Setting this to false disables any binary transfer
binaryTransferEnable String "" Comma separated list of types to enable binary transfer. Either OID numbers or names
binaryTransferDisable String "" Comma separated list of types to disable binary transfer. Either OID numbers or names. Overrides values in the driver default set and values set with binaryTransferEnable.
prepareThreshold Integer 5 Statement prepare threshold. A value of -1 stands for forceBinary
preparedStatementCacheQueries Integer 256 Specifies the maximum number of entries in per-connection cache of prepared statements. A value of 0 disables the cache.
preparedStatementCacheSizeMiB Integer 5 Specifies the maximum size (in megabytes) of a per-connection prepared statement cache. A value of 0 disables the cache.
defaultRowFetchSize Integer 0 Positive number of rows that should be fetched from the database when more rows are needed for ResultSet by each fetch iteration
loginTimeout Integer 0 Specify how long in seconds max(2147484) to wait for establishment of a database connection.
connectTimeout Integer 10 The timeout value in seconds max(2147484) used for socket connect operations.
socketTimeout Integer 0 The timeout value in seconds max(2147484) used for socket read operations.
cancelSignalTimeout Integer 10 The timeout that is used for sending cancel command.
sslResponseTimeout Integer 5000 Socket timeout in milliseconds waiting for a response from a request for SSL upgrade from the server.
tcpKeepAlive Boolean false Enable or disable TCP keep-alive.
tcpNoDelay Boolean true Enable or disable TCP no delay.
ApplicationName String PostgreSQL JDBC Driver The application name (require server version >= 9.0). If assumeMinServerVersion is set to >= 9.0 this will be sent in the startup packets, otherwise after the connection is made
readOnly Boolean false Puts this connection in read-only mode
readOnlyMode String transaction Specifies the behavior when a connection is set to be read only, possible values: ignore, transaction, always
disableColumnSanitiser Boolean false Enable optimization that disables column name sanitiser
assumeMinServerVersion String null Assume the server is at least that version
currentSchema String null Specify the schema (or several schema separated by commas) to be set in the search-path
targetServerType String any Specifies what kind of server to connect, possible values: any, master, slave (deprecated), secondary, preferSlave (deprecated), preferSecondary, preferPrimary
hostRecheckSeconds Integer 10 Specifies period (seconds) after which the host status is checked again in case it has changed
loadBalanceHosts Boolean false If disabled hosts are connected in the given order. If enabled hosts are chosen randomly from the set of suitable candidates
socketFactory String null Specify a socket factory for socket creation
socketFactoryArg (deprecated) String null Argument forwarded to constructor of SocketFactory class.
autosave String never Specifies what the driver should do if a query fails, possible values: always, never, conservative
cleanupSavepoints Boolean false In Autosave mode the driver sets a SAVEPOINT for every query. It is possible to exhaust the server shared buffers. Setting this to true will release each SAVEPOINT at the cost of an additional round trip.
preferQueryMode String extended Specifies which mode is used to execute queries to database, possible values: extended, extendedForPrepared, extendedCacheEverything, simple
reWriteBatchedInserts Boolean false Enable optimization to rewrite and collapse compatible INSERT statements that are batched.
escapeSyntaxCallMode String select Specifies how JDBC escape call syntax is transformed into underlying SQL (CALL/SELECT), for invoking procedures or functions (requires server version >= 11), possible values: select, callIfNoReturn, call
maxResultBuffer String null Specifies size of result buffer in bytes, which can't be exceeded during reading result set. Can be specified as particular size (i.e. "100", "200M" "2G") or as percent of max heap memory (i.e. "10p", "20pct", "50percent")
gssLib String auto Permissible values are auto (default, see below), sspi (force SSPI) or gssapi (force GSSAPI-JSSE).
gssResponseTimeout Integer 5000 Socket timeout in milliseconds waiting for a response from a request for GSS encrypted connection from the server.
gssEncMode String allow Controls the preference for using GSSAPI encryption for the connection, values are disable, allow, prefer, and require
useSpnego String false Use SPNEGO in SSPI authentication requests
adaptiveFetch Boolean false Specifies if number of rows fetched in ResultSet by each fetch iteration should be dynamic. Number of rows will be calculated by dividing maxResultBuffer size into max row size observed so far. Requires declaring maxResultBuffer and defaultRowFetchSize for first iteration.
adaptiveFetchMinimum Integer 0 Specifies minimum number of rows, which can be calculated by adaptiveFetch. Number of rows used by adaptiveFetch cannot go below this value.
adaptiveFetchMaximum Integer -1 Specifies maximum number of rows, which can be calculated by adaptiveFetch. Number of rows used by adaptiveFetch cannot go above this value. Any negative number set as adaptiveFetchMaximum is used by adaptiveFetch as infinity number of rows.
localSocketAddress String null Hostname or IP address given to explicitly configure the interface that the driver will bind the client side of the TCP/IP connection to when connecting.
quoteReturningIdentifiers Boolean true By default we double quote returning identifiers. Some ORM's already quote them. Switch allows them to turn this off
authenticationPluginClassName String null Fully qualified class name of the class implementing the AuthenticationPlugin interface. If this is null, the password value in the connection properties will be used.
unknownLength Integer Integer.MAX_LENGTH Specifies the length to return for types of unknown length
stringtype String null Specify the type to use when binding PreparedStatement parameters set via setString()

System Properties

Property Type Default Description
pgjdbc.config.cleanup.thread.ttl long 30000 The driver has an internal cleanup thread which monitors and cleans up unclosed connections. This property sets the duration (in milliseconds) the cleanup thread will keep running if there is nothing to clean up.

Contributing

For information on how to contribute to the project see the Contributing Guidelines


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