Polymorphic project runnable with (Quarkus, Micronaut, KTOR, Spring Boot)

Supported features:

• Project LOOM (implies Java 16)
• Java 14-16 + preview features (thought not needed as major source langusage in Kotlin)
• Gradle 6.7+ jvm-ecosystem plugin and toolchain cross compilation/runtime support
• Blaze-Persistence recently released compile-time @EntityViews feature

Libraries

1. Immutables in Kotlin sources!
2. Mapstruct mapping to immutable DTO/Projection classes integrated with Immutables.
3. Arrow-kt (lesser in recent versions, just annotation processor, will be fully fledged in future works)

Future plans

Some planned key features

1. GraphQL support for all platform (e.g. with JPA projections)

The Goal

The goal of this (JVM ecosystem) POC is to run the same production-ready source code in multiple runtimes without suffering from any portability issues. This will help to understand which "best practices" in writing common Spring-Boot-ish microservice application are really portable and at the same time are not an overkill. As a simple example - using one annotaations instead another may where one may be used by more frameworks and runtimes, or the opposite - avoiding vendor-locking by removing most/all vendor specific imports, etc. The current repository source-tree already uses quite a bleeding edge setup for JVM ecosystem.

RUN

#Micronaut
./gradlew run
#Quarkus
./gradlew quarkusDev #(you need to execute this command twice! Ctrl+C after first startup failure, and execute again)
#Spring
./gradlew bootRun

Legacy Notes:

---

• Quarkus strictly requires beans.xml in every subproject/module.
• Quarkus in some cases requires a subproject/module to have an src/main/java folder (even if empty) otherwise the build fails.

Improvement point for Quarkus

Almost all issues are as consequence of multi-module project setup and Kotlin - which both very desirable!

1. Tests do not run. As simple as it sounds - with kotlin setup tests are not detected at all. at least it was so for 0.15.0 for sure and for 0.16.0 (almost) for sure, even though:

   quarkus {
       setSourceDir("src/main/kotlin")
       resourcesDir() += file("src/main/resources")
       setOutputDirectory("$buildDir/classes/kotlin/main")
   }

   you get

   org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.TestInstantiationException
   : TestInstanceFactory [io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTestExtension]
   failed to instantiate test class [com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeServiceOperationsNamespaceTest]
   : The test class
   class com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeServiceOperationsNamespaceTest
   is not located in any of the directories [classes/java/test, /test-classes, bin/test]
   

   There is a Test com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeServiceOperationsNamespaceTest You can uncomment and try.

2. Multi-module project with with Quarkus is annoying. Recompilation never works here. Always an error. But also, simple restart didn't work either due to quarkusio/quarkus#2413 (it didn't work in 100%!! of cases, and I then simplified Gradle build logic - it begin to sometime restart fine). By restarting fine I mean many times slower than some Spring-Boot application because Quarkus obviously does a lot of things at build time - which is intended for to allow hot-reload, but when the later do not work - it slows things down drastically. The more complex Gradle setup the more chances that simple restart (say by telling IDEA to restart the app) won't work. A single reproducer for the quarkusio/quarkus#2413 is ./gradlew runtime-jakarta:quarkusDev -> change sources -> curl to let Quarkus start to recompile -> you'll get "recompilation failed" -> now if you restart the app from IDEA you got quarkusio/quarkus#2413.

3. Changing Javadoc/Kdoc cause Quarkus to recompile on request as if that were method bodies, etc. at least with Kotlin (Could be this one is unresolvable, don't know - it is not big issue if recompilation would work great).

4. See all FIXME: and TODO: the most annoying one is quarkusio/quarkus#2196. Even though beans.xml in place and even writing jandex index with gradle plugin - nothing works - still getting "This method is normally overridden". (resulting message like in quarkusio/quarkus#1717)

5. For some reason both @kotlin.jvm.Transient and @javax.persistence.Transient results in absence of the property in DB table for RDMS. Not sure it this intended and on which side (e.g. persistence spec, kotlin or quarkus...)

6. There was an exception saying com.example.marvel.domain.record.RecordId "is not found/indexed" or "should be declared as entity" - so we annotated it with @javax.persistence.Embeddable - which is not compliant with Hibernate (at least for @javax.persistence.IdClass which it is, not sure about compliance with JPA) and it worked. Would be great to avoid it.

7. Kotlin. Kotlin interop is very non-complete. Having PanacheRepository* as interfaces with default methods is great solution, PanacheEntity is understandably abstract class as it have a field, but what is the reason to leave PanacheEntityBase an abstract class. This limits developer experience as you can't have other logic accumulated elsewhere in other class as there could be only one class you extend from. Should PanacheEntityBase become an interface?

8. Kotlin. If you make @javax.persistence.Id property a val Hibernate throws it can not set id for final field. In Kotlin this is common and for data classes with Spring-Boot( Data) you normally make it val even though in Java you probably would have a setter. Enhance at build time instead limiting developer experience with Kotlin?

9. JWT. Making Endpoint RequestScopped for to allow MP JwtToken injection seems limiting. There always was request scoped things you can inject in JAX-RS runtime (with @Context annotation) and it worked for years. Maybe for MP JwtToken and companions related to same concerns there could be possibility to @Inject into @ApplicationScopped still?

10. Kotlin. Extending PanacheEntity* gives much less as you can't access static method. All static methods in Panache(Repository|Entity)* needs more design with Kotlin in mind. Default methods seems to have less problems here. The only one comes in mind is that you can't override them unless annotate method with @JvmDefault but this is acceptable trade-off. Statics much less consumable from Kotlin. The best would be to write the extendable part of framework (e.g. quarkus-hibernate-orm-panache) in kotlin with full compatibility with Java. OkHttp recently did it. They rewrote the wrole thing in Kotlin while maintaining full interop with Java. I personally bumped the version to 4.0.0-rc-1 and it worked with no problem. See example in https://github.com/square/okhttp/blob/master/okhttp/src/main/java/okhttp3/RequestBody.kt. For 6-8 target classes in io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.panache.* package seems like a viable solution?

11. Kotlin. Recently (in 0.16.0 I think) added context-propagation does not work for coroutines. This caused to throw away all coroutines supporting libs (org.litote.kmongo:kmongo-coroutine, io.vertx:vertx-lang-kotlin-coroutines, and especially arrow-kt as all those functional compositions only makes sense for async and parallel computations which could be expressed more concisely in imperative style (arrow-kt bindings), but they all rely on coroutines in its core. Hope this will change with panache-rx-coroutines even though list of supported JPA annotations/features is not impressive / big at all.

12. When add io.quarkus:quarkus-reactive-pg-client you got io.reactiverse:reactive-pg-client transitively. io.reactiverse:reactive-pg-client have kotlin package with extensions, which is misleading and Quarkus user should only use smallrye-*-client APIs for operations, I suppose.

13. While Jsonb writes our specifically structured data classes (see com.example.marvel.domain.model.api.record.RecordDto) just fine at runtime only inspecting public properties (which IS desired), produced OpenAPI spec file apparently inspects model through reflection with Jackson probably. Either way, the resulting JSON model examples reflects delegate property. Should there be whether way to provide configuration to underling Reader or something like that? Staring from 2.0.7 swagger-core provides both Gradle and Maven plugins, which both works brilliantly and has all handles I mentioned (for Jackson, for Readers, Filters, etc. AND for files to merge and affect the resuling openapi.yaml). So, far it is the best option on the market. You can see api.yaml with security declaration and meta-info and produced openapi.yaml file. You can do whatever to your endpoints and then just execute

    ./gradlew resolve
    

    in this project and rich openapi file will be written at build time, with no runtime-dependencies at all. Micronaut supports same kind of merging additional info as io.swagger.v3.plugins.gradle.tasks.ResolveTask.openApiFile

14. Micronaut and Quarkus both doesn't go well with default time arguments and inheritance by delegation we got

    Caused by: javax.enterprise.inject.AmbiguousResolutionException: Ambiguous dependencies for type com.example.marvel.service.EmployeeOperationsServiceNamespace and qualifiers [@Default]
        - java member: com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeOrchestrationResource#<init>()
        - declared on CLASS bean [types=[com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeOrchestrationResource, com.example.marvel.service.EmployeeOperationsServiceNamespace, kotlin.coroutines.CoroutineContext, java.lang.Object, com.example.marvel.web.rest.EmployeeResourceAdapter], qualifiers=[@Default, @Any], target=com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeOrchestrationResource]
        - available beans:
            - CLASS bean [types=[com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeOrchestrationResource, com.example.marvel.service.EmployeeOperationsServiceNamespace, kotlin.coroutines.CoroutineContext, java.lang.Object, com.example.marvel.web.rest.EmployeeResourceAdapter], qualifiers=[@Default, @Any], target=com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeOrchestrationResource]
            - CLASS bean [types=[com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeBlockingServiceNamespaceImpl, com.example.marvel.service.EmployeeOperationsServiceNamespace, io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.panache.PanacheRepositoryBase<com.example.marvel.domain.employee.EmployeeEntity, java.lang.Long>, java.lang.Object], qualifiers=[@Default, @Any], target=com.example.marvel.web.rest.jaxrs.EmployeeBlockingServiceNamespaceImpl]
        at io.quarkus.arc.processor.Beans.resolveInjectionPoint(Beans.java:393)
        at io.quarkus.arc.processor.BeanInfo.init(BeanInfo.java:366)
        at io.quarkus.arc.processor.BeanDeployment.init(BeanDeployment.java:286)
        ... 14 more
    
    

Notes:

• If kapt fails with weird conditions:

  ./gradlew clean kaptKotlin --rerun-tasks

• All those operator overloading in sealed classes doesn't serve much value at the moment and more a design experiment.