Add RasterReader and RasterStackReader implementations

[scottstanie]

Some timing results on a test where I had

• 80 total rasters, shape of the input stack was (80, 2160, 3600)
• Saved in formats
  • .bin: flat binary/ENVI
  • .h5: HDF5 with gzip
  • .lzf.h5: HDF5 with lzf compression
  • .tif: geotiff with dolphin default compression options
• reading over all bands of (512, 512) blocks at a time, and summing up the values (just to do something with the data)

HDF5StackReader:

(mapping-311) opera-test-data$ python test_read.py --reader-class HDF5StackReader data/*[0-9].h5
              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 4.517    │
│ False     │ 3           │ 4.901    │
│ False     │ 10          │ 7.138    │
│ True      │ 1           │ 3.453    │
│ True      │ 3           │ 3.695    │
│ True      │ 10          │ 3.893    │
└───────────┴─────────────┴──────────┘

(mapping-311) opera-test-data$ python test_read.py --reader-class HDF5StackReader data/*[0-9].lzf.h5

              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 5.881    │
│ False     │ 3           │ 6.406    │
│ False     │ 10          │ 7.978    │
│ True      │ 1           │ 4.957    │
│ True      │ 3           │ 5.176    │
│ True      │ 10          │ 5.399    │
└───────────┴─────────────┴──────────┘

BinaryReader:

(mapping-311) opera-test-data$ python test_read.py --reader-class BinaryStackReader data/*[0-9].bin

              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 4.196    │
│ False     │ 3           │ 2.668    │
│ False     │ 10          │ 2.584    │
└───────────┴─────────────┴──────────┘

Raster:

(mapping-311) opera-test-data$ python test_read.py --reader-class RasterStackReader data/*[0-9].bin
              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 9.766    │
│ False     │ 3           │ 5.784    │
│ False     │ 10          │ 6.719    │
│ True      │ 1           │ 11.062   │
│ True      │ 3           │ 7.523    │
│ True      │ 10          │ 8.939    │
└───────────┴─────────────┴──────────┘
(mapping-311) opera-test-data$ python test_read.py --reader-class raster data/*[0-9].tif 
             Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 4.303    │
│ False     │ 3           │ 4.142    │
│ False     │ 10          │ 4.893    │
│ True      │ 1           │ 5.679    │
│ True      │ 3           │ 4.880    │
│ True      │ 10          │ 6.063    │
└───────────┴─────────────┴──────────┘

Comparing to the current VRT stack method for reading, there's a pretty wide range of times based on the file format.
Note that the "keep_open" and "num_threads" here dont matter, because i was reading all bands for a block so, which uses ds.ReadAsArray to let gdal read all bands.

For input HDF5 files:

# Forcing the `NETCDF:filename:/data` format
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 6.812    │
└───────────┴─────────────┴──────────┘
# Forcing the `HDF5:filename://data` format
              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 4.285    │

geotiff inputs are much faster, and seem to beat the other readers:

              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 2.192    │

and the binary ENVI files are slower with GDAL (likely from the block shape which doesnt match (1, ncols)

              Read times              
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ keep_open ┃ num_threads ┃ time (s) ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ False     │ 1           │ 7.649    │