Pattern tests and patches

[anindex]

This PR includes the followings:

• Functionality test for TilePattern, BlockPattern, ShiftedTilePattern, SeqTilePattern (excluding .has_local_elements() because it requires CartesianIndexSpace::includes_index(), which is not yet implemented)
• Make typedef of DistributionSpec, TeamSpec, SizeSpec public for TilePattern, BlockPattern, ShiftedTilePattern, SeqTilePattern, CSRPattern, DynamicPattern and LoadBalancePattern.
• Various bug fixes

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 84.46%. Comparing base (f84e89e) to head (df7925d).
Report is 107 commits behind head on development.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff               @@
##           development     #700      +/-   ##
===============================================
+ Coverage        83.65%   84.46%   +0.81%     
===============================================
  Files              336      337       +1     
  Lines            24968    25362     +394     
  Branches         11354    11939     +585     
===============================================
+ Hits             20887    21423     +536     
- Misses            3692     3699       +7     
+ Partials           389      240     -149     

Files	Coverage Δ
dash/include/dash/pattern/BlockPattern.h	98.62% <100.00%> (+1.73%)	⬆️
dash/include/dash/pattern/BlockPattern1D.h	99.10% <100.00%> (+0.11%)	⬆️
dash/include/dash/pattern/CSRPattern.h	88.37% <ø> (+15.69%)	⬆️
dash/include/dash/pattern/LoadBalancePattern.h	84.88% <ø> (ø)
dash/include/dash/pattern/SeqTilePattern.h	93.55% <100.00%> (+1.16%)	⬆️
dash/include/dash/pattern/ShiftTilePattern.h	88.23% <100.00%> (-2.20%)	⬇️
dash/include/dash/pattern/ShiftTilePattern1D.h	95.36% <100.00%> (+3.69%)	⬆️
dash/include/dash/pattern/TilePattern.h	91.68% <100.00%> (-2.54%)	⬇️
dash/include/dash/pattern/TilePattern1D.h	92.55% <100.00%> (+2.05%)	⬆️
dash/test/pattern/BlockPatternTest.cc	98.22% <100.00%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
... and 8 more

... and 34 files with indirect coverage changes