Merge pull request #97 from PyPSA/meoh-waste-heat

add methanolisation waste heat, use DEA for electrolysis & fuel cell
PyPSA · Aug 7, 2023 · d7e60c3 · d7e60c3
2 parents 1b18686 + 6e4924a
commit d7e60c3
Show file tree

Hide file tree

Showing 11 changed files with 32 additions and 17 deletions.
diff --git a/config.yaml b/config.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version: 0.4.0
+version: 0.6.2
 
 # considered years for output data
 years : [2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050]
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ solar_utility_from_vartiaien : false
 solar_rooftop_from_etip : false
 
 energy_storage_database:
-    h2_from_budischak: true  # add fuel cell/electrolysis efficiencies from Budischak (DEA assumptions very conservative)
+    h2_from_budischak: false  # add fuel cell/electrolysis efficiencies from Budischak (DEA assumptions very conservative)
     ewg_home_battery: true  # add home battery data derived from DEA data and EWG study
     pnnl_energy_storage:
         add_data: true  # add storage data mainly from PNNL

diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 # The short X.Y version.
 version = u'0.6'
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = u'0.6.1'
+release = u'0.6.2'
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.

diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst
@@ -5,6 +5,13 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+Technology-Data 0.6.2 (7 August 2023)
+=====================================
+
+* Use DEA electrolysis and fuel cell assumptions by default.
+
+* Add steam generation of methanolisation process.
+
 Technology-Data 0.6.1 (4 August 2023)
 ===========================================
 

diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ methanolisation,FOM,2050,3,%/year,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Co
 methanolisation,electricity-input,0,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",
 methanolisation,hydrogen-input,0,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH
 methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",
+methanolisation,heat-output,0,0.100,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.","steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH"
 csp-tower,investment,2020,159.96,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
 csp-tower,investment,2030,108.37,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
 csp-tower,investment,2040,99.97,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."

diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.18,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.62,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,investment,517844.13,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,
 electrolysis,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Fixed O&M 
-electrolysis,efficiency,0.8,per unit,budischak2013,86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
+electrolysis,efficiency,0.66,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
 electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.18,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:   - hereof recoverable for district heating
 electrolysis,investment,588.73,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Specific investment
 electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Technical lifetime
 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Fixed O&M
 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Cb coefficient
-fuel cell,efficiency,0.58,per unit,budischak2013,"12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
+fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
 fuel cell,investment,1300.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Nominal investment
 fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Technical lifetime
 gas,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,
@@ -737,6 +737,7 @@ methanolisation,VOM,6.27,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_ren
 methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,
 methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.25,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",
 methanolisation,electricity-input,0.27,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",
+methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH
 methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.14,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH
 methanolisation,investment,757401.0,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected."
 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",

diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.63,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,investment,473961.81,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,
 electrolysis,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Fixed O&M 
-electrolysis,efficiency,0.8,per unit,budischak2013,86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
+electrolysis,efficiency,0.67,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
 electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.18,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:   - hereof recoverable for district heating
 electrolysis,investment,498.15,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Specific investment
 electrolysis,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Technical lifetime
 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Fixed O&M
 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Cb coefficient
-fuel cell,efficiency,0.58,per unit,budischak2013,"12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
+fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
 fuel cell,investment,1200.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Nominal investment
 fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Technical lifetime
 gas,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,
@@ -737,6 +737,7 @@ methanolisation,VOM,6.27,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_ren
 methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,
 methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.25,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",
 methanolisation,electricity-input,0.27,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",
+methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH
 methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.14,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH
 methanolisation,investment,704056.13,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected."
 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",

diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.21,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.63,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,investment,431201.82,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,
 electrolysis,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Fixed O&M 
-electrolysis,efficiency,0.8,per unit,budischak2013,86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
+electrolysis,efficiency,0.68,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
 electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.17,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:   - hereof recoverable for district heating
 electrolysis,investment,407.58,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Specific investment
 electrolysis,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Technical lifetime
 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Fixed O&M
 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Cb coefficient
-fuel cell,efficiency,0.58,per unit,budischak2013,"12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
+fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
 fuel cell,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Nominal investment
 fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Technical lifetime
 gas,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,
@@ -737,6 +737,7 @@ methanolisation,VOM,6.27,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_ren
 methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,
 methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.25,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",
 methanolisation,electricity-input,0.27,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",
+methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH
 methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.14,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH
 methanolisation,investment,650711.26,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected."
 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",

diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv
@@ -650,13 +650,13 @@ electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.23,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.64,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,
 electrobiofuels,investment,396566.0,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,
 electrolysis,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Fixed O&M 
-electrolysis,efficiency,0.8,per unit,budischak2013,86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
+electrolysis,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Hydrogen
 electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:   - hereof recoverable for district heating
 electrolysis,investment,339.65,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Specific investment
 electrolysis,lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW:  Technical lifetime
 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Fixed O&M
 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Cb coefficient
-fuel cell,efficiency,0.58,per unit,budischak2013,"12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
+fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Electricity efficiency, annual average"
 fuel cell,investment,1025.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Nominal investment
 fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP:  Technical lifetime
 gas,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,
@@ -737,6 +737,7 @@ methanolisation,VOM,6.27,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_ren
 methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,
 methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.25,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",
 methanolisation,electricity-input,0.27,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",
+methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH
 methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.14,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH
 methanolisation,investment,608179.55,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected."
 methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",