SNOW-1663901: Enable terminal fallback for external browser authentication when browser launch fails

[ehclark]

Overview

SNOW-1663901

Pre-review self checklist

• PR branch is updated with all the changes from master branch
• The code is correctly formatted (run mvn -P check-style validate)
• New public API is not unnecessary exposed (run mvn verify and inspect target/japicmp/japicmp.html)
• The pull request name is prefixed with SNOW-XXXX:
• Code is in compliance with internal logging requirements

External contributors - please answer these questions before submitting a pull request. Thanks!

1. What GitHub issue is this PR addressing? Make sure that there is an accompanying issue to your PR.

   Issue: SNOW-1663901: Allow terminal fallback for external browser authentication when browser launch fails #1893

2. Fill out the following pre-review checklist:

   • I am adding a new automated test(s) to verify correctness of my new code
   • I am adding new logging messages
   • I am modifying authorization mechanisms
   • I am adding new credentials
   • I am modifying OCSP code
   • I am adding a new dependency or upgrading an existing one
   • I am adding new public/protected component not marked with @SnowflakeJdbcInternalApi (note that public/protected methods/fields in classes marked with this annotation are already internal)

3. Please describe how your code solves the related issue.
   When browser launch fails, the user is prompted to paste the URL into a browser and return the redirect URL to the JDBC connector via the terminal. This is the behavior of the Python connector.

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[ehclark]

I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA