examples

Example uniffi components

This directory contains some small example components implemented using uniffi. It's currently being used more as a living test environment than user-facing docs, but hopefully it gives you a bit of an idea of what we're up to with this crate.

Newcomers are recommended to explore them in the following order:

• ./arithmetic/ is the most minimal example - just some plain functions that operate on integers, and some minimal error handling.
• ./arithmetic-procmacro/ is a copy of the above example implemented using procmacros - it has no UDL file nor build.rs script.
• ./geometry/ shows how to use records and nullable types for working with more complex data.
• ./sprites/ shows how to work with stateful objects that have methods, in classical object-oriented style.
• ./todolist is a simplistic todo-list that can only add items and show the last item, meant to show how interacting with strings works.
• ./rondpoint exercises complex data types by round-tripping them from the foreign-language code, through rust and back again.
• ./fxa-client doesn't work yet, but it contains aspirational example of what the UDL might look like for an actual real-world component.
• ./async-api-client shows how to handle async calls across the FFI. The foreign code supplies the HTTP client, the Rust code uses that client to expose a GitHub API client, then the foreign code consumes the client. All code on both sides of the FFI is async.

Each example has the following structure:

• src/<namespace>.udl, the component interface definition which defines the main object and its methods. This is processed by functions in build.rs to generate Rust scaffolding for the component.
• src/lib.rs, the core implementation of the component in Rust. This basically pulls in the generated Rust scaffolding via uniffi::include_scaffolding!() and fills in function implementations.
• Cargo.toml configures the crate to build a cdylib with an appropriate name.
• Some small test scripts that double as API examples in each target foreign language:
  • Kotlin tests/bindings/test_<namespace>.kts
  • Swift tests/bindings/test_<namespace>.swift
  • Python tests/bindings/test_<namespace>.py

If you want to try them out, you will need:

• The Kotlin command-line tools, particularly kotlinc.
• The Java Native Access JAR downloaded and its path added to your $CLASSPATH environment variable.
• Python 3
• The Swift command-line tools, particularly swift, swiftc and the Foundation package.
• The Ruby FFI
  • gem install ffi test-unit rubocop

We publish a docker image that has all of this dependencies pre-installed, if you want to get up and running quickly.

With that in place, try the following:

• Run cargo build. That compiles the component implementation into a native library named uniffi_<namespace> in ../target/debug/.
• Run cargo test. This will run each of the foreign-language testcases against the compiled Rust code, confirming whether everything is working as intended.
• Explore the build process in more detail:
  • Change to the root directory of this repo, so the uniffi-bindgen package referenced below can be found.
  • Run cargo run --bin uniffi-bindgen -- scaffolding examples/<example>/src/<namespace>.udl. This will generate the Rust scaffolding code which exposes a C FFI for the component. You can view the generatd code in ./src/<namespace>.uniffi.rs.
  • Run cargo run --bin uniffi-bindgen -- generate --language kotlin examples/<example>/src/<namespace>.udl. This will generate the foreign-language bindings for Kotlin, which load the compiled Rust code and use the C FFI generated above to interact with it. You can view the generated code in ./src/uniffi/<namespace>/<namespace>.kt.
  • Try using --language swift or --language python to explore the foreign-language bindings generated for other languages.