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FFmpeg

ffmpeg

Show available codecs, only encoders, only decoders, container formats, pixel formats:

ffmpeg -codecs
ffmpeg -encoders
ffmpeg -decoders
ffmpeg -formats
ffmpeg -pix_fmts

Convert video to multiple images:

# Save frames as image files
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -y -f image2 frame%04d.png

# Save keyframes as image files
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -skip_frame nokey -vsync 0 -y -f image2 keyframe%04d.png

# Save signle frame as image file
ffmpeg -ss 1.0 -i input.mp4 -frames:v 1 -f singlejpeg - > frame.jpg

Convert multiple images to video:

# Put image files in `avi` container at 10 fps starting from IMG_0495.JPG:
ffmpeg -f image2 -start_number 495 -r 10 -i IMG_%4d.JPG -c:v copy -f avi output.avi

Manipulate h264/h265 raw bitstream:

# Put raw h264/h265 stream in mp4 container at 10 fps
ffmpeg -r 10 -i video.h264_or_h265 -c:v copy -f mp4 output.mp4

# Put raw h264/h265 stream in mp4 container at 10 fps using stdin/stdout
cat video.h264 | ffmpeg -r 10 -f h264 -i - -c:v copy -movflags frag_keyframe+empty_moov -f mp4 - > output.mp4
cat video.h265 | ffmpeg -r 10 -f hevc -i - -c:v copy -movflags frag_keyframe+empty_moov -f mp4 - > output.mp4

# Extract raw h264 stream from mp4 container:
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec copy -bsf h264_mp4toannexb -f h264 output.h264

Convert video:

# Convert and scale input.avi to output.y4m
ffmpeg -i input.avi -vf scale=-1:720 -pix_fmt yuv420p -f yuv4mpegpipe output.y4m

# Change video container (copy video and audio):
ffmpeg -i timescapes.webm  -vcodec copy -acodec copy timescapes.avi

# Convert yuyv422 to yuv420p:
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pix_fmt yuyv422 -s 1280x720 -i video422.yuv \
       -f rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p video420.yuv

# Convert nv12 to mjpeg (mp4 or avi):
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i video.yuv -vcodec mjpeg output.mp4
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i video.yuv -vcodec mjpeg output.avi
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i video.yuv -vf extractplanes=y -vcodec mjpeg output.mp4

# Convert nv12 to mpeg4 (mp4):
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i video.yuv -vcodec mpeg4 output.mp4

# Lossless png compression from video.raw to video.avi:
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pix_fmt gray -video_size 2048x2048 -i video.raw -vf "vflip" -c:v png video.avi  

# Lossless single threaded png compression from video.raw to video.avi
ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pix_fmt gray -video_size 2048x2048 -i video.raw -vf "vflip" -threads 1 -c:v png video.avi  

# Decompression from video.avi back to video.raw:
ffmpeg -i video.avi -f rawvideo -pix_fmt gray -video_size 2048x2048 -vf "vflip" video.raw

Convert raw YUV images:

# Convert YUV image to PNG:
ffmpeg -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1024x768 -i image.yuv -y -f image2 image.png

# Save Y/U/V plane from YUV image to PNG
ffmpeg -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i image.yuv -filter_complex extractplanes=y -y -f image2 y.png
ffmpeg -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i image.yuv -filter_complex extractplanes=u -y -f image2 y.png
ffmpeg -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1920x1080 -i image.yuv -filter_complex extractplanes=v -y -f image2 y.png

# Convert YUV image to JPEG with specified quality (2-32):
ffmpeg -pixel_format nv12 -video_size 1024x768 -i image.yuv -y -f image2 -qscale:v 2 image.jpg

Calculate PSNR:

ffmpeg -i stefan.y4m -vf "movie=stefan_cif.y4m [ref], [ref]psnr=stats_file=stats.log" -f rawvideo -y /dev/null
ffmpeg -i stefan.y4m -vf "movie=stefan_cif.y4m, psnr=stats_file=stats.log" -f rawvideo -y /dev/null

Record video from V4L2 video source (e.g. web camera):

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 out.mp4

Audio processing:

# Convert audio file to wav (1 channel, 16000 Hz sample rate, 2 bytes per sample):
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -ac 1 -ar 16000 -c pcm_s16le output.wav

ffprobe

Packet information:

ffprobe -pretty -unit -show_packets input.mp4

Count video/audio packets:

ffprobe -show_packets input.mp4 | grep codec_type=video | wc -l

Stream information:

ffprobe -show_streams input.mp4

Print information in JSON format:

ffprobe -i input.mp4 -v quiet -of json -show_format -show_streams

ffplay

Play v4l2 device:

ffplay -f v4l2 /dev/video0

Play v4l2 device using separate ffmpeg process:

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 -f yuv4mpegpipe -pix_fmt yuv420p - | ffplay -

Play raw yuv formats:

ffplay -pix_fmt yuyv422 -video_size 1280x720 capture422.yuv
ffplay -pix_fmt yuv420p -video_size 1280x720 capture420.yuv

Display two videos side by side:

ffplay stefan.y4m -vf "[in]pad=iw*2:ih[left];movie=stefan_cif.y4m[right];[left][right]overlay=w"

Play cropped video:

ffplay -vf "crop=3840:2160:0:0" input.mp4

Play raw video with vertical flip:

ffplay -f rawvideo -pix_fmt gray -video_size 2048x2048 -vf "vflip" video.raw

Play raw bayer video:

ffplay -f rawvideo -pix_fmt bayer_rggb8 -video_size 2048x2048  video.raw

Display single raw YUV frame:

ffplay -pix_fmt nv12 -video_size 1024x768 frame.yuv

Display single 16-bit RAW frame as a grayscale image:

ffplay -pix_fmt gray16le -video_size 1024x768 frame.raw