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PostgreSQL JDBC SSL Example

Note: this is just for testing and is a very simple example.

Setting up the server

create a server cert and key the common name is 'localhost', but can be anything usually the host name

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -text -out server.crt -keyout server.key -subj "/CN=localhost"

chmod og-rwx server.key

create a client cert and key with the same common name

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -text -out client.crt -keyout client.key -subj "/CN=localhost"

chmod og-rwx client.key

move server.key and server.crt into the postgresql data directory.

copy server.crt to server_ca.crt, this will be used by the client to verify the server certs.

copy client.crt to client_ca.crt and move to the postgresql data directory

in postgresql.conf

ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
ssl_ca_file = 'client_ca.crt'

in pg_hba.conf

hostssl testssl test 127.0.0.1/32 md5 clientcert=1

create a database called testssl and a user named test

confirm that you can connect with psql and get an ssl connection

psql uses the following environment variables

PGSSLROOTCERT=/Users/davec/projects/r2dbc/testssl/ssl/client_ca.crt
PGSSLCERT=/Users/davec/projects/r2dbc/testssl/ssl/client.crt
PGSSLKEY=/Users/davec/projects/r2dbc/testssl/ssl/client.key
PGSSLMODE=verify-ca

/usr/local/pgsql/10/bin/psql testssl -U test -h 127.0.0.1
Password for user test:
psql (10.5)
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.2, cipher: ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305, bits: 256, compression: off)

you may have to make pg_hba.conf more restrictive to ensure that only an ssl connection is possible to that database/user/host combination.

in java.

first we have to change the client key into a format java understands.

openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in client.key -out client.pk8 -outform DER -v1 PBE-MD5-DES

This will ask for an encryption password. For this example there will be no password, however it is important that you provide the same password in the java code SSL_PASSWORD

import static org.postgresql.PGProperty.SSL_CERT;
import static org.postgresql.PGProperty.SSL_KEY;
import static org.postgresql.PGProperty.SSL_MODE;
import static org.postgresql.PGProperty.SSL_PASSWORD;
import static org.postgresql.PGProperty.SSL_ROOT_CERT;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;


public class SslTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost/testssl";

    Properties tlsProperties = new Properties();

    tlsProperties.setProperty("user", "test");
    tlsProperties.setProperty("password", "test");
    SSL_MODE.set(tlsProperties, "verify-full");
    SSL_PASSWORD.set(tlsProperties, "");
    SSL_KEY.set(tlsProperties, "/Users/davec/projects/r2dbc/testssl/ssl/client.pk8");
    SSL_CERT.set(tlsProperties,"/Users/davec/projects/r2dbc/testssl/ssl/client.crt");
    SSL_ROOT_CERT.set(tlsProperties, "/Users/davec/projects/r2dbc/testssl/ssl/client_ca.crt");

    try (Connection db = DriverManager.getConnection(url, tlsProperties)) {
      System.out.println("Java JDBC PostgreSQL Example");
      System.out.println("Connected to PostgreSQL database with TLS!");
      ResultSet resultSet = db.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT now() as CurrDttm");
      while (resultSet.next()) {
        System.out.printf("Current Date/Time %s\n", resultSet.getString("CurrDttm"));
      }
      try {
        db.close();
        System.out.println("Disconnected from PostgreSQL database");
      } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      System.out.println("Connection failure.");
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}