diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 59f3aa8cfd..023a595ffb 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ halo2curves = { version = "0.6.0", features = ["bits", "derive_serde"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
 memmap = { version = "0.5.10", package = "memmap2" }
-pasta-msm = { workspace = true }
+grumpkin-msm = { workspace = true }
 proptest = { workspace = true }
 proptest-derive = { workspace = true }
 rand = "0.8.5"
@@ -93,8 +93,9 @@ default = []
 opencl = ["neptune/opencl", "nova/opencl"]
 cuda = ["neptune/cuda", "nova/cuda"]
 # compile without ISA extensions
-portable = ["pasta-msm/portable", "nova/portable"]
+portable = ["grumpkin-msm/portable", "nova/portable"]
 flamegraph = ["pprof/flamegraph", "pprof/criterion"]
+preallocate = ["nova/preallocate"]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert_cmd = "2.0.12"
@@ -129,12 +130,12 @@ clap = "4.3.17"
 ff = "0.13"
 metrics = "0.21.1"
 neptune = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/neptune", branch = "dev", features = ["abomonation"] }
-nova = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/arecibo", branch = "dev", package = "arecibo" }
+nova = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/arecibo", branch = "cache-witnesses", package = "arecibo" }
 once_cell = "1.18.0"
 pairing = { version = "0.23" }
 pasta_curves = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/pasta_curves", branch = "dev" }
-pasta-msm = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/pasta-msm", branch = "dev" }
-grumpkin-msm = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/grumpkin-msm", branch = "dev" }
+# pasta-msm = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/pasta-msm", branch = "dev" }
+grumpkin-msm = { git = "https://github.com/lurk-lab/grumpkin-msm", branch = "preallocate-msm" }
 proptest = "1.2.0"
 proptest-derive = "0.3"
 rand = "0.8"
diff --git a/benches/analysis.md b/benches/analysis.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..033ed341c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benches/analysis.md
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+commit witness
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+
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+commit witness
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+
+commit witness
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+
+commit T
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+
+======================================================
+
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diff --git a/benches/fibonacci.rs b/benches/fibonacci.rs
index 9eee2d4125..79458b5954 100644
--- a/benches/fibonacci.rs
+++ b/benches/fibonacci.rs
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ fn fibonacci_prove<M: measurement::Measurement>(
             b.iter_batched(
                 || frames,
                 |frames| {
+                    eprintln!("\n=======================================\n");
                     let result = prover.prove(&pp, frames, &store);
                     let _ = black_box(result);
                 },
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ fn fibonacci_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
     tracing::debug!("{:?}", lurk::config::LURK_CONFIG);
 
     let reduction_counts = rc_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![100]);
-    let batch_sizes = [100, 200];
+    let batch_sizes = [500];
 
     for reduction_count in reduction_counts.iter() {
         let mut group: BenchmarkGroup<'_, _> =
diff --git a/benches/stderr.log b/benches/stderr.log
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e28e6d31e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benches/stderr.log
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+    Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
+    Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
+    Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
+   Compiling arecibo v0.2.0 (https://github.com/lurk-lab/arecibo?branch=preallocate-msm#6876c069)
+   Compiling lurk v0.3.1 (/home/paperspace/lurk-lab/lurk-rs)
+    Finished bench [optimized] target(s) in 1m 26s
+Gnuplot not found, using plotters backend
+Benchmarking LEM Fibonacci Prove - rc = 900/fib/num-500-cc9de142be3f4829d09c4e27771207965eef9a79-2024-01-11
+Benchmarking LEM Fibonacci Prove - rc = 900/fib/num-500-cc9de142be3f4829d09c4e27771207965eef9a79-2024-01-11: Warming up for 3.0000 s
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 847.267975ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 18.9483ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 505.101µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 548.476278ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 159.193017ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 13.257333ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 11.43605ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 554.064449ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 329.453026ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 12.656345ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 15.037615ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 552.643811ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 366.211021ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 13.096732ms
+
+Warning: Unable to complete 10 samples in 120.0s. You may wish to increase target time to 133.4s.
+Benchmarking LEM Fibonacci Prove - rc = 900/fib/num-500-cc9de142be3f4829d09c4e27771207965eef9a79-2024-01-11: Collecting 10 samples in estimated 133.43 s (10 iterations)
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 559.733825ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 9.158439ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 527.173µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 552.398933ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 151.258935ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 11.264345ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 16.699649ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 555.784256ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 341.349577ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 22.523756ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 12.282814ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 556.916798ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 356.455873ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 14.381925ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 559.482651ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 8.33881ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 511.954µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 556.780422ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 156.812372ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 16.870737ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 10.731183ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 542.007872ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 335.988562ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 7.690977ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 16.840075ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 550.016943ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 356.570987ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 11.335363ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 546.645273ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 16.397215ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 645.827µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 554.671033ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 148.005848ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 11.370989ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 9.323651ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 547.293595ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 344.175223ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 14.81722ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 9.651791ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 546.401347ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 343.450722ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 11.25213ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 544.661655ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 11.541149ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 688.291µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 543.333908ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 161.214169ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 14.271439ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 9.727561ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 550.146788ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 323.54532ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 27.002386ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 13.820435ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 544.117215ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 356.109591ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 9.279578ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 558.446133ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 12.357464ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 1.322616ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 548.780802ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 150.386332ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 9.07248ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 7.780242ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 559.290401ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 317.419659ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 8.984643ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 14.446419ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 545.47734ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 341.77525ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 27.513862ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 551.266476ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 20.828792ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 526.157µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 544.676505ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 148.925532ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 15.76487ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 10.00217ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 547.212751ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 332.192887ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 18.542847ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 10.399446ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 549.220526ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 344.96839ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 8.422461ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 553.025686ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 8.019595ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 407.011µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 546.494072ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 150.078863ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 8.715238ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 13.39994ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 562.275316ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 331.559419ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 11.71239ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 9.708633ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 548.473271ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 344.412262ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 17.173492ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 559.244907ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 21.367655ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 1.383944ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 548.028159ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 155.876229ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 15.385934ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 9.65398ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 551.845287ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 324.000783ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 10.05272ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 12.700196ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 551.272907ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 354.742771ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 20.844368ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 552.279427ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 8.186424ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 526.139µs
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 549.376525ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 150.726917ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 16.232103ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 10.420238ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 554.918165ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 336.273993ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 14.18858ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 10.984965ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 549.806303ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 345.2704ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 9.161598ms
+
+=======================================
+
+zeros, scalars, time: 1753383, 7941351, 553.780753ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 4626, 10337, 8.334434ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 10357, 10357, 1.278199ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757881, 7941351, 550.897325ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 6752860, 9699051, 154.014332ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3440, 10337, 11.95373ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 4321, 10357, 8.790347ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757207, 7941351, 551.386466ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5966166, 9699051, 329.657843ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3426, 10337, 15.606529ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 3212, 10357, 18.218441ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 1757312, 7941351, 552.540141ms
+commit T: zeros, scalars, time: 5341906, 9699051, 364.02185ms
+zeros, scalars, time: 3445, 10337, 11.646848ms
+Benchmarking LEM Fibonacci Prove - rc = 900/fib/num-500-cc9de142be3f4829d09c4e27771207965eef9a79-2024-01-11: Analyzing
+LEM Fibonacci Prove - rc = 900/fib/num-500-cc9de142be3f4829d09c4e27771207965eef9a79-2024-01-11
+                        time:   [11.277 s 11.381 s 11.501 s]
+                        thrpt:  [313.01  elem/s 316.31  elem/s 319.23  elem/s]
+                 change:
+                        time:   [-8.4128% -6.7674% -4.7092%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
+                        thrpt:  [+4.9419% +7.2586% +9.1856%]
+                        Change within noise threshold.
+
diff --git a/examples/fibonacci.rs b/examples/fibonacci.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3890fa5384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/fibonacci.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+
+use pasta_curves::pallas;
+
+use lurk::{
+    eval::lang::{Coproc, Lang},
+    field::LurkField,
+    lem::{eval::evaluate, pointers::Ptr, store::Store},
+    proof::Prover,
+    proof::{nova::NovaProver, RecursiveSNARKTrait},
+    public_parameters::{
+        instance::{Instance, Kind},
+        public_params,
+    },
+    state::State,
+};
+
+use tracing_subscriber::{fmt, prelude::*, EnvFilter, Registry};
+use tracing_texray::TeXRayLayer;
+
+fn fib<F: LurkField>(store: &Store<F>, state: Rc<RefCell<State>>, _a: u64) -> Ptr {
+    let program = r#"
+(letrec ((next (lambda (a b) (next b (+ a b))))
+           (fib (next 0 1)))
+  (fib))
+"#;
+
+    store.read(state, program).unwrap()
+}
+
+// The env output in the `fib_frame`th frame of the above, infinite Fibonacci computation will contain a binding of the
+// nth Fibonacci number to `a`.
+// means of computing it.]
+fn fib_frame(n: usize) -> usize {
+    11 + 16 * n
+}
+
+// Set the limit so the last step will be filled exactly, since Lurk currently only pads terminal/error continuations.
+fn fib_limit(n: usize, rc: usize) -> usize {
+    let frame = fib_frame(n);
+    rc * (frame / rc + usize::from(frame % rc != 0))
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy)]
+struct ProveParams {
+    fib_n: usize,
+    rc: usize,
+}
+
+fn rc_env() -> anyhow::Result<Vec<usize>> {
+    std::env::var("LURK_RC")
+        .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Reduction count env var isn't set: {e}"))
+        .and_then(|rc| {
+            let vec: anyhow::Result<Vec<usize>> = rc
+                .split(',')
+                .map(|rc| {
+                    rc.parse::<usize>()
+                        .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Failed to parse RC: {e}"))
+                })
+                .collect();
+            vec
+        })
+}
+
+fn fibonacci_prove(prove_params: ProveParams, state: &Rc<RefCell<State>>) {
+    let limit = fib_limit(prove_params.fib_n, prove_params.rc);
+    let lang_pallas = Lang::<pallas::Scalar, Coproc<pallas::Scalar>>::new();
+    let lang_rc = Arc::new(lang_pallas.clone());
+
+    // use cached public params
+    let instance = Instance::new(
+        prove_params.rc,
+        lang_rc.clone(),
+        true,
+        Kind::NovaPublicParams,
+    );
+    let pp = public_params(&instance).unwrap();
+
+    let store = Store::default();
+
+    let ptr = fib::<pasta_curves::Fq>(&store, state.clone(), prove_params.fib_n as u64);
+    let prover = NovaProver::new(prove_params.rc, lang_rc.clone());
+
+    let frames = &evaluate::<pasta_curves::Fq, Coproc<pasta_curves::Fq>>(None, ptr, &store, limit)
+        .unwrap();
+    let (proof, z0, zi, _num_steps) = tracing_texray::examine(tracing::info_span!("bang!"))
+        .in_scope(|| prover.prove(&pp, frames, &store).unwrap());
+
+    let res = proof.verify(&pp, &z0, &zi).unwrap();
+    assert!(res);
+}
+
+/// RUST_LOG=info LURK_RC=900 LURK_PERF=max-parallel-simple cargo run --release --example fibonacci --features "cuda"
+fn main() {
+    let subscriber = Registry::default()
+        .with(fmt::layer().pretty())
+        .with(EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with(TeXRayLayer::new().width(120));
+    tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber).unwrap();
+
+    let rcs = rc_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![100]);
+    let batch_sizes = [500];
+
+    let state = State::init_lurk_state().rccell();
+
+    for rc in rcs.iter() {
+        for fib_n in batch_sizes.iter() {
+            let prove_params = ProveParams {
+                fib_n: *fib_n,
+                rc: *rc,
+            };
+            fibonacci_prove(prove_params, &state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    println!("success");
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/proof/mod.rs b/src/proof/mod.rs
index d1daa03861..78039d0f27 100644
--- a/src/proof/mod.rs
+++ b/src/proof/mod.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ where
 
     /// Generate the recursive SNARK, encoded in `ProveOutput`
     fn prove_recursively(
-        pp: &Self::PublicParams,
+        pp: &'a Self::PublicParams,
         z0: &[F],
         steps: Vec<C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
         store: &'a Store<F>,
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub trait Prover<'a, F: CurveCycleEquipped, C: Coprocessor<F> + 'a> {
     /// Generate a proof from a sequence of frames
     fn prove(
         &self,
-        pp: &Self::PublicParams,
+        pp: &'a Self::PublicParams,
         frames: &[Frame],
         store: &'a Store<F>,
     ) -> Result<(Self::RecursiveSnark, Vec<F>, Vec<F>, usize), ProofError> {
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ pub trait Prover<'a, F: CurveCycleEquipped, C: Coprocessor<F> + 'a> {
     /// Evaluate an expression with an environment and then generate the corresponding proof
     fn evaluate_and_prove(
         &self,
-        pp: &Self::PublicParams,
+        pp: &'a Self::PublicParams,
         expr: Ptr,
         env: Ptr,
         store: &'a Store<F>,
diff --git a/src/proof/nova.rs b/src/proof/nova.rs
index 9ed1b39a79..2dc79f742d 100644
--- a/src/proof/nova.rs
+++ b/src/proof/nova.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ where
     /// A proof for the intermediate steps of a recursive computation along with
     /// the number of steps used for verification
     Recursive(
-        Box<RecursiveSNARK<E1<F>, E2<F>, C1LEM<'a, F, C>, C2<F>>>,
+        Box<RecursiveSNARK<'a, E1<F>, E2<F>, C1LEM<'a, F, C>, C2<F>>>,
         usize,
         PhantomData<&'a C>,
     ),
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ where
 
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "nova::prove_recursively")]
     fn prove_recursively(
-        pp: &PublicParams<F, C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
+        pp: &'a PublicParams<F, C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
         z0: &[F],
         steps: Vec<C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
         store: &'a Store<F>,
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ where
         tracing::debug!("steps.len: {num_steps}");
 
         // produce a recursive SNARK
-        let mut recursive_snark: Option<RecursiveSNARK<E1<F>, E2<F>, C1LEM<'a, F, C>, C2<F>>> =
+        let mut recursive_snark: Option<RecursiveSNARK<'_, E1<F>, E2<F>, C1LEM<'a, F, C>, C2<F>>> =
             None;
 
         // the shadowing here is voluntary
diff --git a/src/proof/supernova.rs b/src/proof/supernova.rs
index 1e0decc608..ac9613d4a4 100644
--- a/src/proof/supernova.rs
+++ b/src/proof/supernova.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ where
     <<E2<F> as Engine>::Scalar as ff::PrimeField>::Repr: Abomonation,
 {
     /// A proof for the intermediate steps of a recursive computation
-    Recursive(Box<RecursiveSNARK<E1<F>, E2<F>>>),
+    Recursive(Box<RecursiveSNARK<'a, E1<F>, E2<F>>>),
     /// A proof for the final step of a recursive computation
     Compressed(
         Box<CompressedSNARK<E1<F>, E2<F>, C1LEM<'a, F, C>, C2<F>, SS1<F>, SS2<F>>>,
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ where
 
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "supernova::prove_recursively")]
     fn prove_recursively(
-        pp: &PublicParams<F, C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
+        pp: &'a PublicParams<F, C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
         z0: &[F],
         steps: Vec<C1LEM<'a, F, C>>,
         store: &'a Store<F>,
         _reduction_count: usize,
         _lang: Arc<Lang<F, C>>,
     ) -> Result<Self, ProofError> {
-        let mut recursive_snark_option: Option<RecursiveSNARK<E1<F>, E2<F>>> = None;
+        let mut recursive_snark_option: Option<RecursiveSNARK<'_, E1<F>, E2<F>>> = None;
 
         let z0_primary = z0;
         let z0_secondary = Self::z0_secondary();
diff --git a/stderr.log b/stderr.log
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..929f36c086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stderr.log
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+error: No justfile found